PUBLICATIONS

Conference Papers

  1. Tastl, I., et al., An Efficient High Quality Color Transformation, in 17th annual Color Imaging Conference (CIC), M.B. Chorin and K.M. Braun, Editors. 2009, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology and Society for Information Display: Albuquerque, NM.
  2. Moroney, N. and G.B. Beretta, Nominal Scaling of Print Substrates, in 17th annual Color Imaging Conference (CIC), M.B. Chorin and K.M. Braun, Editors. 2009, The Society for Imaging Science and Technolog and Society for Information Display: Albuquerque, NM.
  3. Beretta, G. B., N. Moroney, et al. (2009). Towards robust categorical color perception. 11th Congress of the International Colour Association (AIC) 2009. N. Harkness. Sydney, Australia.
  4. Moroney, N., P. Obrador, and G.B. Beretta, Lexical Image Processing, in Sixteenth Color Imaging Conference: Color Science and Engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications, J. Larimer and N. Moroney, Editors. 2008, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology: Portland, Oregon. p. 268-273.
  5. Boiko, D.L., et al., Experiments supporting the concept of a g[sup (2)]-camera, in Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging VI, Y.S. Ronald E. Meyers, Keith S. Deacon, Editor. 2008, SPIE: San Diego, CA, USA. p. 709216-10.
  6. Zuffi, S., et al., Human computer interaction: Legibility and contrast, in 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Proceedings. 2007, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA: Modena, ITALY. p. 241-246.
  7. Beretta, G.B. Adaptive color artwork. In Color Imaging XII: Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications. SPIE. San Jose 29 January 2007. Available from: http://spiedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PSISDG00649300000164930L000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes.
  8. Zuffi, S., et al. Web-based versus controlled environment psychophysics experiments In Image Quality and System Performance IV. SPIE. San Jose 29 January 2007. Available from: http://spiedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PSISDG006494000001649407000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes.
  9. Charbon, E., et al. Design rules for quantum imaging devices: experimental progress using CMOS single-photon detectors. In Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IV. Proc. SPIE Vol. 6305. San Diego August 2006. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=681235.
  10. Zuffi, S., G.B. Beretta, and C. Brambilla. A color selection tool for the readability of textual information on web pages. In Internet Imaging VII. Proc. SPIE Vol. 6061. San Jose 2006/01/18. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=651589.
  11. Gunther, N.J. and G.B. Beretta. Towards practical design rules for quantum communications and quantum imaging devices. In Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging III. Proc. SPIE Vol. 5893. San Diego 31 July - 4 August 2005. Available from: http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/5893/58930W/1
  12. Beretta, G.B. Pre-flighting variable data print jobs using the Coloroid System. In The 10th Congress of the International Colour Association. Granada, Spain 8-13 May 2005.
  13. Beretta, G.B. Color Aspects of Variable Data Proofing. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology, Internet Imaging VI. Proc. SPIE Vol. 5670. San José 16-20 January 2005. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=592489.
  14. Chao, H., G.B. Beretta, and H.J. Sang. PDF Study with Page Elements and Bounding Boxes. In Document Layout Interpretation and its Applications (DLIA2001). Seattle, Washington USA 9 September 2001.
  15. Beretta, G.B. and R.R. Buckley. Trends in color imaging on the Internet. In AIC Color '01. Proc. SPIE Vol. 4421. Rochester 24-29 June 2001. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=464620 http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/4421-22.pdf http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/aic01ohp.pdf.
  16. Gunther, N.J. and G.B. Beretta. Benchmark for image retrieval using distributed systems over the Iinternet: BIRDS-I. In Internet Imaging II. Proc. SPIE Vol. 4311. San José January 2001. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=411898 Slides http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/4311-30-ohp.pdf.
  17. Beretta, G.B. Low Commitment Spectrophotometer Care. In 68th ISCC Annual Meeting. Vancouver B.C. (Canada) 5-7 May 1999. Available from: Poster http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/iscc1Poster.pdf.
  18. Tillinghast, J. and G.B. Beretta. Structure and navigation for electronic publishing. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. San José 28-30 January 1998. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=298307.
  19. Beretta, G.B. Professional portrait studio for amateur digital photography. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. Proc. SPIE Vol. 3300. San José 28-30 January 1998. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=298305 Poster http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/studioPosterEI98.pdf.
  20. Beretta, G.B. Compressing images for the Internet. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. SPIE. San José 28-30 January 1998. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=298304.
  21. Bhaskaran, V., K. Konstantinides, and G.B. Beretta. Text and Image Sharpening of Scanned Images in the JPEG Domain. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 97). IEEE. Santa Barbara 26-29 October, 1997.
  22. Beretta, G.B., et al. Perceptually lossy compression of documents. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging II. Proc. SPIE Vol. 3016. San José February 1997. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=274505 Slides http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/ohp-97-23.pdf.
  23. Beretta, G.B., et al. Encoding Color Images for the World Wide Web. In The 8th Congress of the International Colour Association. Kyoto (Japan) 25-30 May 1997. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/aic97paper.pdf Slides http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/aic97ohp.pdf.
  24. Beretta, G.B. Dynamic exposure control in color scanners. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. Proc. SPIE Vol. 3018. San José February 1997. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=271623.
  25. Beretta, G.B. Internet's impact on publishing. In IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science & Technology. Proc. SPIE Vol. 3018. San José 1997/02. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=271592 Slides http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/ohp-97-33.pdf PARC slides http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/Forum.pdf.
  26. Beretta, G.B., et al. Image Processing for Color Facsimile. In World Techno Fair Chiba '96. Chiba (Japan) September 1996. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/chiba96prt.pdf.
  27. Konstantinides, K., et al. A Testbed for Color Imaging and Compression. In International Conference on Digital Signal Processing. Limassol (Cyprus, Greece) June 26-28, 1995.
  28. Beretta, G.B., et al. Implementing a Color Facsimile Machine. In IS&T's 11th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies. IS&T. Hilton Head October 29 - November 3, 1995. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/nip95PosS.pdf.
  29. Beretta, G.B., et al. New Group 3 Color Facsimile Standard: Protocol Testing and Performance. In Society for Information Display 1995 International Symposium, Seminar, and Exhibition. SID. Orlando May 21-26, 1995.
  30. Beretta, G.B. Experience with the new Color Facsimile Standard. In ISCC 64th Annual Meeting. ISCC. Greensboro April 23-25, 1995. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/iscc95.pdf | http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/isccsli.pdf.
  31. Beretta, G.B. Digital Color Printing 1995: A Retrospective from the Trenches. In IS&T's 11th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies. Hilton Head October 29 - November 3, 1995. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/nip95Pap.pdf | http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/nip95intro35.pdf.
  32. Beretta, G.B. Is color appearance matching necessary? In Color Hard Copy and Graphic Arts III. Proc. SPIE Vol. 2171. San José January 1994. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=detailpaper&productid=175309.
  33. Beretta, G.B. Desktop Document Preparation and Color Appearance Modeling. In IS&T's 9th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies. IS&T. Pacifico Yokohama (Yokohama, Japan) 4-8 October 1993.
  34. Beretta, G.B. The Meaning of White. In IS&T's Eighth International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies. Williamsburg 25-30 October 1992.
  35. Beretta, G.B. Color Palette Selection Tools. In SPSE's 43rd Annual Conference. IS&T. Rochester 20-25 May 1990.
  36. Beretta, G.B., et al. XS-1: An Integrated Interactive System and its Kernel. In IEEE Proc. 6-th International Conference on Software Engineering. Tokyo (Japan) September 1982.
  37. Beretta, G.B., et al. Man-Machine Communication. In NOCUS International Meeting. NOCUS. Monte Carlo (Monaco) November 1982.
  38. Beretta, G.B. and J. Nievergelt. Scan Conversion Algorithms Revisited. In International Conference on Research and Trends in Document Processing Systems. Lausanne (Switzerland) February 1981.

Edited Books & Journals

  1. Beretta, G.B. and R. Schettini, eds. Special Section on Internet Imaging. Journal of Electronic Imaging. Vol. 11. 2002. 421-422. Available from: <Go to ISI>://000179143300001.
  2. Bares, J., et al., eds. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts. Selected SPIE Papers on CD-ROM. Vol. 24. 2002, SPIE. Available from: http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=DetailCDROM&productid=450266 Introduction: http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/EI/cdp24intro.html. 523 papers
  3. Internet Imaging III. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 2002. San José: SPIE. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/EI/ii2002intro.html.
  4. Internet Imaging II. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 2001. San José. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/EI/ii2001intro.html.
  5. Internet Imaging I. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 2000. San José: SPIE. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/EI/ii2000intro.html Symposium Welcome: http://www.inventoland.net/imaging/EI/ei2000welcome.html.
  6. Beretta, G.B. and R. Eschbach, eds. Special section on Color imaging: Device-independent color, color hardcopy, and graphic arts. Journal of Electronic Imaging. Vol. 8. 1999. 329-331. Available from: <Go to ISI>://000085103800001.
  7. Beretta, G.B., ed. Special Issue: Color Imaging for Digital Publishing. SPIE/IS&T International Technical Group Newsletter Electronic Imaging. Vol. 9. 1999.
  8. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts IV. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 1999. San José: SPIE. Available from: Introduction: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/intro3648.pdf.
  9. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts III. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 1998. San José: SPIE.
  10. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts II. IS&T/ SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology. 1997. San José: SPIE.

Papers & Book Chapters

  1. Boiko, D. L., Gunther, N. J., Brauer, N., Sergio, M., Niclass, C., Beretta, G. B., E. Charbon (2009) (2009). "On the application of a monolithic arrayfor detecting intensity-correlatedphotons emitted by different source types." Opt. Express 17(17): 15087-15103.
  2. Boiko, D. L., Gunther, N. J., Brauer, N., Sergio, M., Niclass, C., Beretta, G. B., E. Charbon (2009). A quantum imager for intensity correlated photons. New Journal of Physics, 11(1), 013001.
  3. Beretta, G.B. and Y. Nonaka, House Painting with NCS in the USA. Atti della Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi, 2000. LV(1): p. 93-118. Handout: <http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/iscc2.pdf>, Slides: <http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/iscc2Slides.pdf>, Nipponia citation: <http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/nipponia4-p6.pdf>.
  4. Konstantinides, K., V. Bhaskaran, and G.B. Beretta, Image sharpening in the JPEG domain. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1999. 8(6): p. 874-878. http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/sharpening.pdf
  5. Beretta, G.B., Is color appearance matching necessary?, in Recent Progress in Color Science, R. Eschbach and K. Brown, Editors. 1997, Society for Imaging Science and Technology. p. 217-222.
  6. Beretta, G.B., Method for estimating color gamut mapping on a display device. Xerox Disclosure Journal, 1992: p. 171-174.
  7. Beretta, G.B., Thesis. An Implementation of a Plane-Sweep Algorithm on a Personal Computer. 1984, Zürich: Publisher. 79. DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-000338864. Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/pdf/Reports/7538.pdf.
  8. Beretta, G.B., Monte Carlo Estimation of Numerical Stability in Fast Algorithms for Systems of Bilinear Forms. Information Processing Letters, 1982. 14(4): p. 162-167.
  9. Beretta, G.B., Ein guter Zufallszahlengenerator. Output, 1978. 7(11): p. 29-32. Goldach (St. Gallen, Switzerland)

Intellectual Property

  1. Sang, J., Henry W., et al. USP 7,240,047. Apparatus and method for market-based document layout selection, 2007/07/03/, Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (Houston, TX), Available from: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7240047.htm.
  2. Budrys, A.J. and G.B. Beretta. USP 7,086,011. Multi-component iconic representation of file characteristics, 2006/08/0, Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
  3. Saw, C.W., H. Chao, and G.B. Beretta. USP 6,910,843. Cover authoring systems and methods and bookbinding systems incorporating the same, 2005/06/28, Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
  4. Beretta, G.B. USP 6,078,732. Method and apparatus for adjusting correlated color temperature, 2000/07/20, Canon Information Systems, Inc., Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US6078732.html.
  5. Beretta, G.B., et al. USP 5,883,979. Method for selecting JPEG quantization tables for low bandwidth applications, 1999/03/16, Hewlett-Packard Company.
  6. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,901,243. Dynamic exposure control in single-scan digital input devices, 1999/05/04, Hewlett-Packard Company, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US05901243.html.
  7. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,900,932. Tristimulus template-type colorimeter, 1999/05/04, Canon Information Systems, Inc., Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US05900932.html.
  8. Beretta, G.B., V. Bhaskaran, and K. Konstantinides. USP 5,850,484. Text and image sharpening of JPEG compressed images in the frequency domain, 1998/12/15, Hewlett-Packard Company, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5850484.html.
  9. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,831,686. Method and apparatus for adjusting correlated color temperature, 1998/11/03, Canon Information Systems, Inc., Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5831686.html.
  10. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,532,848. Method and apparatus for adjusting correlated color temperature, 1996/07/02, Canon Information Systems, Inc., Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5532848.html.
  11. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,521,708. Correlated color temperature detector, 1996/05/28, Canon Information & Systems, Inc., Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5521708.html.
  12. Beretta, G.B. USP H1506. Graphical user interface for editing a palette of colors, 1995/12/05, Xerox Corporation, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/USH1506.html.
  13. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,416,890. Graphical user interface for controlling color gamut clipping, 1995/05/16, Xerox Corporation, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5416890.html.
  14. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,311,212. Functional color selection system, 1994/05/10, Xerox Corporation, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5311212.html.
  15. Beretta, G.B. USP 5,254,978. Reference color selection system, 1993/10/19, Xerox Corporation, Available from: http://www.inventoland.net/docs/pats/US5254978.html.

Technical Reports

  1. Beretta, G. B. (2009). Chiba's Leader: Scientist, Teacher, and Man, HP Laboratories: 2 Pages. Essay for the festschrift edited by Prof. Norimichi Tsumura for the retirement of Professor Yoichi Miyake. The celebration event is held Saturday 12 September 2009 at Arcadia Ichigaya, Tokyo.
  2. Zuffi, S., C. Brambilla, et al. (2009). Understanding the readability of colored text by crowd-sourcing on the Web, HP Laboratories: 29 Pages. We present an experiment about the readability of colored text on a colored background that we have conducted through crowd-sourcing on the Web. Our aim is to contribute to the understanding of the ease of reading text on displays under generic viewing conditions and, at the same time, we aim at demonstrating the suitability of performing psychophysical studies on the Web. Indeed, we compare our results with previous findings in the field obtained by means of visual experiments carried on into laboratories under controlled viewing conditions. Our analysis of reading performance and color dimensions suggests that 30 units of CIE lightness difference between text and background should be set in the design of textual display. In addition, regarding a pleasant color selection, our study suggests a light muted background.
  3. Recker, J. L., G. B. Beretta, et al. (2009). Font rendering on a GPU-based raster image processor, HP Laboratories: 14 Pages. Historically, in the 35 years of digital printing research, raster image processing has always lagged behind marking engine technology, i.e., we have never been able to deliver rendered digital pages as fast as digital print engines can consume them. This trend has resulted in products based on throttled digital printers or expensive raster image processors (RIP) with hardware acceleration. The current trend in computer software architecture is to leverage graphic processing units (GPU) for computing tasks whenever appropriate. We discuss the issues for rendering fonts on such an architecture and present an implementation.
  4. Beretta, G. B., N. Moroney, et al. (2009). Towards robust categorical color perception, HP Laboratories. HPL-2009-146: 7. When implementing a software service for printing on commercial presses, it may be necessary to allow a casual user to modify the color rendering to remove a colorcast. In variable data printing, colored text on a colored background may no longer readable when the colors change or the text overflows. A high dynamic range photograph may require a large gamut mapping operation. These are examples where color matching and colorimetry are not adequate and a lexical color metric is more appropriate. We report on an experiment in progress to build a color name thesaurus. In particular, since lexical color is an acquired skill varying substantially from observer to observer, we present techniques we developed to increase robustness.
  5. Boiko, D. L., N. J. Gunther, et al. (2009). On the Application of a Monolithic Array for Detecting Intensity-Correlated Photons Emitted by Different Source Types: 17. It is not widely appreciated that many subtleties are involved in the accurate measurement of intensity-correlated photons; even for the original experiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT). Using a monolithic 4x4 array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), together with an off-chip algorithm for processing streaming data, we investigate the difficulties of measuring second-order photon correlations g2 in a wide variety of light fields that exhibit dramatically different correlation statistics: a multimode He-Ne laser, an incoherent intensity-modulated lamp-light source and a thermal light source. Our off-chip algorithm treats multiple photon-arrivals at pixel-array pairs, in any observation interval, with photon fluxes limited by detector saturation, in such a way that a correctly normalized g2 function is guaranteed. The impact of detector background correlations between SPAD pixels and afterpulsing effects on second-order coherence measurements is discussed. These results demonstrate that our monolithic SPAD array enables access to effects that are otherwise impossible to measure with stand-alone detectors.
  6. Boiko, D. L., N. J. Gunther, et al. (2008). A Quantum Imager for Intensity Correlated Photons: 8. We report on a novel device capable of imaging second-order spatio-temporal correlations g2(x,t) between photons. The imager is based on a monolithic array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) implemented in CMOS technology and a simple algorithm to treat multiphoton time-of-arrival distributions from different SPAD pairs. It is capable of 80 ps temporal resolution with fluxes as low as 10 photons/s at room temperature. An important application might be the local imaging of g2 as a means of confirming the presence of true Bose-Einstein macroscopic coherence (BEC) of cavity exciton polaritons.
  7. Beretta, G. B. and N. Moroney (2008). Cognitive Aspects of Color, HP Laboratories: 26. Color is a perceptual phenomena that can be explored through psychometrics and modeling of attribute correlates. Color is also a cognitive phenomena that can be researched through color naming or categorization. We begin with a review of previous research, with an emphasis on the challenges and applications of this work. Building on a large unconstrained color naming corpus collected online from over 4,000 volunteers we demonstrate the long-tail of color naming and derive an online color interface tool based on the thesaurus model of synonyms and antonyms. To further improve the quality and quantity of the underlying naming corpus we introduce two novel feedback mechanisms to the Italian version of the online color thesaurus, instance based harvesting of missing names and optional user ranking of included names. This allows a more efficient creation of a higher quality color naming corpus.
  8. Charbon, E., et al., Design Rules for Quantum Imaging Devices: Experimental Progress Using CMOS Single Photon Detectors. Hewlett Packard Laboratories Report HPL-2006-117. 2006, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 11. Keywords: CMOS; detector arrays; interferometer; phase twinning; quantum imaging; SPAD (single photon avalanche diode). Abstract: We continue our previous program where we introduced a set of quantum-based design rules directed at quantum engineers who design single-photon quantum communications and quantum imaging devices. Here, we report on experimental progress using SPAD (single photon avalanche diode) arrays of our design and fabricated in CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology. Emerging high-resolution imaging techniques based on SPAD arrays have proven useful in a variety of disciplines including bio- fluorescence microscopy and 3D vision systems. They have also been particularly successful for intra-chip optical communications implemented entirely in CMOS technology. More importantly for our purposes, a very low dark count allows SPADs to detect rare photon events with a high dynamic range and high signal to noise ratio. Our CMOS SPADs support multi-channel detection of photon arrivals with picosecond accuracy, several million times per second, due to a very short detection cycle. The tiny chip area means they are suitable for highly miniaturized quantum imaging devices and that is how we employ them in this paper. Our quantum path integral analysis of the Young- Afshar-Wheeler interferometer showed that Bohr’s complementarity principle was not violated due the previously overlooked effect of photon bifurcation within the lens-a phenomenon consistent with our quantum design rules-which accounts for the loss of which-path information in the presence of interference. In this paper, we report on our progress toward the construction of quantitative design rules as well as some proposed tests for quantum imaging devices using entangled photon sources with our SPAD imager. Notes: Copyright 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Published in Proceedings 6305 of Optics & Photonics: Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IV, San Diego, CA, 13-17 August 2006. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2006/HPL-2006-117.html.
  9. Zuffi, S., G.B. Beretta, and C. Brambilla, A color selection tool for the readability of textual information on Web pages. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-2005-216. 2005, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 15. Keywords: readability; color; Web design; automatic layout. Abstract: One of the issues in Web page design is the selection of appropriate combinations of background and foreground colors to display textual information. Colors have to be selected in order to guarantee legibility for different devices, viewing conditions and, more important, for all the users, including those with deficient color vision. In this paper we present a tool to select background and foreground colors for the display of textual information. The tool is based on the Munsell Book of Colors; it allows the browsing of the atlas and indicates plausible colors based on a set of legibility rules, which have been defined experimentally. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2005/HPL-2005-216.html.
  10. Gunther, N.J. and G.B. Beretta, Towards Practical Design Rules for Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging Devices. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-2005-129. 2005, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 23. Keywords: bifurcation; interferometer; quantum path integral; quantum imaging. Abstract: Recent advances in quantum communications and imaging (QCI) technologies have led to a burgeoning market for commercial applications. These new market forces place an emphasis on engineering design rather than fundamental science. To guarantee correct device design, the quantum engineer needs to be removed from the minutia of the science. This can be accomplished through a set of abstract design rules analogous to those already employed in the VLSI chip industry. This paper is the first to propose such quantum design rules for the analysis of QCI devices, in general, and quantum imaging devices comprised of lens-based optics, in particular. We anticipate that these quantum design rules will also lead to significant cost reductions in the commercial production of quantum devices. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2005/HPL-2005-129.pdf. Copyright 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. To be published in and presented at the Proceedings 5893 of Optics & Photonics: Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging III, July 31- August 4, 2005, San Diego, CA
  11. Beretta, G.B., Color Aspects of Variable Data Proofing. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-2004-236. 2004, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 8. Keywords: variable data printing, custom printing, pre-flight checking, color perception. Abstract: The Internet in combination with digital presses has allowed the geographical distribution of manufacturing printed materials. An increasing number of printed pieces is customized for the recipient; when each printed piece is different, conventional proofing fails, because it is impossible to proof the entire print job. One frequent problem in automatically generated pieces is the readability of one page element on top of another element; the color combination can be unreadable or clash. I propose simple algorithms to automatically detect and correct color discriminability problems in variable data printing. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2004/HPL-2004-236.html.
  12. Gunther, N.J. and G.B. Beretta, A Benchmark for Image Retrieval using Distributed Systems over the Internet: BIRDS-I. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-2000-162. 2000, Palo Alto. Keywords: Content Based Image Retrieval; client/server; Internet; performance metrics; benchmarking; ground truth; ontology; taxonomy; distributed systems; response time. Abstract: The performance of CBIR algorithms is usually measured on an isolated workstation. In a real-world environment the algorithms would only constitute a minor component among the many interacting components. The Internet dramatically changes many of the usual assumptions about measuring CBIR performance. Any CBIR benchmark should be designed from a networked systems standpoint. These benchmarks typically introduce communication overhead because the real systems they model are distributed applications. We present our implementation of a client/server benchmark called BIRDS-I to measure image retrieval performance over the Internet. It has been designed with the trend toward the use of small personalized wireless systems in mind. Web-based CBIR implies the use of heterogeneous image sets, imposing certain constraints on how the images are organized and the type of performance metrics applicable. BIRDS-I only requires controlled human intervention for the compilation of the image collection and none for the generation of ground truth in the measurement of retrieval accuracy. Benchmark image collections need to be evolved incrementally toward the storage of millions of images and that scaleup can only be achieved through the use of computer-aided compilation. Finally, our scoring metric introduces a tightly optimized image-ranking window. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2000/HPL-2000-162.html.
  13. Beretta, G.B. and Y. Nonaka, House Painting with NCS in the USA. HP Labs Report HPL-1999-79. 1999, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 28. Keywords: color selection; Natural Color System; paint matching; design; architecture. Abstract: We explore the use of the Natural Color System for designing color schemes in exterior and interior design. The availability of paints in the US market to realize such a color scheme is researched. Finally, we examine the performance of paint matching systems for one particular paint. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-79.html. (See journal paper for updated version)
  14. Beretta, G.B., Low Commitment Spectrophotometer Care. HP Labs. 1999, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 10. Keywords: calibration; certification; colorimetry; thermochromism. Abstract: Like all instruments used for measuring physical quantities, spectrophotometers need to be calibrated and characterized periodically. In this paper we give an overview of simple procedures that require a low commitment from the metrologist, yet ensure some control over the data obtained from the measurements and allow the certification of the measurement's quality. We give some advice on handling the material and on how to take into consideration thermal effects such as thermochromism. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-55.html.
  15. Beretta, G.B., Spectrophotometer Calibration and Certification. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-1999-2. 1999, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 80. Keywords: calibration; certification; characterization; qualification; colorimetry; spectrophotometry; metrology; ISO 9000; manufacturing; process control; thermochromism. Abstract: This report describes a verification procedure for spectrophotometers used in process control based on trend analysis. This analysis is more valuable if the instrument's drift is tightly monitored, so it can be unequivocally established that any detected drift is in the process under observation and not in the instrument used for the measurements. The difference to practice in traditional color metrology is that instrument precision is much more important than accuracy. We recommend a much more frequent calibration certification that is usual for spectrophotometers used in color matching applications. To make this feasible the procedure must be very simple and quick to perform; our procedure fulfills this requirement. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-2.html.
  16. Beretta, G.B., Step by step instructions to use ITD's GA workstation. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-1999-110. 1999, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 43. Keywords: color management; color reproduction; device characterization; graphic arts; ICC profiles; pre- press. Abstract: This booklet provides the step-by-step instructions on how to set up the graphic arts workstation in the Imaging Technology Department. It describes how to characterize the peripheral devices using ICC profiles, how to set up the operating systems, and how to configure the software applications. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-110.html.
  17. Beretta, G.B., Professional portrait studio for amateur digital photography. Hewlett Packard Laboratories Report HPL-97-164. 1997, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 10. Keywords: digital camera; portrait photography; lamp; electronic imaging. Abstract: We describe how to build a professional portable portrait studio that can be used with any consumer camera. The studio allows effortless off-line chroma- key insertion of backgrounds. Digital consumer cameras are designed for delivering acceptable images in typical outdoor or small room situations. The cameras fail when tungsten filament lamps are used. The built- in flash tube is too weak to fill the background in a studio setting and cannot be used to trigger professional electronic-flash lamps because the camera's firmware computes the exposure under the assumption that only the built-in flash tube supplies light to the scene when it is activated. A further problem is the position of the lamps. In the case of digital cameras the position is much more delicate than for silver halide film cameras because the sensor's dynamic range is very small and unwanted shadows are easily created. We present two different lamp set-ups for different size rooms. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-164.html.
  18. Tillinghast, J. and G.B. Beretta, Structure and Navigation for Electronic Publishing. Hewlett Packard Laboratories Report HPL-97-162. 1997, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 12. Keywords: publishing; Internet; World Wide Web; documents; structure; knowledge management; storytelling; ontology. Abstract: The sudden explosion of the World Wide Web as a new publication medium has given a dramatic boost to the electronic publishing industry, which previously was a limited market centered around CD-ROMs and on-line databases. While the phenomenon has parallels to the advent of the tabloid press in the middle of last century, the electronic nature of the medium brings with it the typical characteristic of 4th wave media, namely the acceleration in its propagation speed and the volume of information. Consequently, e- publications are even flatter than print media; Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet share the same computer screen with Adam's Dilbert and Dogbert. The most touted tool for locating useful information on the World Wide Web is the search engine. However, due to the medium's flatness, sought information is drowned in a sea of useless information. A better solution is to build tools that allow authors to structure information so that it can easily be navigated. We experimented with the use of ontologies as a tool to formulate structures for information about a specific topic, so that related concepts are placed in adjacent locations and can easily be navigated using simple and ergonomic user models. We describe our effort in building a World Wide Web based photo album that is shared among a small network of people. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-162.html.
  19. Beretta, G.B., et al., Perceptually Lossy Compression of Documents. HP Labs Report HPL-97-23. 1997, Palo Alto. Keywords: facsimile; document compression; image transmission; reading performance; JPEG; CIELAB. Abstract: We present a method for designing JPEG quantization tables that are tailored for color facsimile transmission. The proposed technique combines results on visual acuity and peak contrast sensitivity of the human visual system with results from rate distortion theory. The new tables yield higher compression ratios for a given visual quality, resulting in shorter transmission times. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-23.html.
  20. Beretta, G.B., Internet's Impact on Publishing. HP Labs Report HPL-97-33. 1997, Palo Alto. Keywords: World Wide Web; Internet; publishing; media; printing; color hard copy; hypertext; epistemology. Abstract: In 1990 the first monochrome print-on-demand (POD) systems were successfully brought to market. Subsequent color versions have been less successful, in my view mostly because they require a different workflow than traditional systems and the highly skilled specialists have not been trained. This hypothesis is based on the observation that direct-to-plate systems for short run printing, which do not require a new workflow, are quite successful in the market place. The Internet and the World Wide Web (W3) are the enabling technologies that are fostering a new print model that is very likely to replace color POD before the latter can establish itself. In this model the consumers locate the material they desire from a contents provider, pay through a digital cash clearinghouse, and print the material at their own cost on their local printer. All the basic technologies for this model are in place; the main challenge is to make the workflow sufficiently robust for individual use. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-33.html.
  21. Beretta, G.B., Dynamic Exposure Control In Color Scanners. HP Labs Report HPL-97-30. 1997, Palo Alto. Keywords: image processing; color facsimile; scanning; sheet-fed; shading correction; read data normalization; exposure enhancement. Abstract: The lightness values of white papers cover and approximate range of fifteen jnd. The tone range of scanners is adjusted for the lightness possible substrate. Therefore, a scan is usually preceded by a preview operation in which the image is subsampled and the data is analyzed to determine the actual tone range. In color facsimile and sheet-fed scanners that do not buffer the entire image, such an operation is not possible. We present a technique in which statistical methods are used to estimate the tone level of the paper. This estimate is used to set the parameters for a tone reproduction curve. The technique is incremental, the statistical data is gathered during the scan. While the scan progresses, the estimate is refined based on the increased amount of data available from the accumulated histogram. This has also the advantage that artifacts due to lamp warming during slow scans (typical for color facsimile) are automatically compensated. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-30.html.
  22. Beretta, G.B., Compressing Images for the Internet. Hewlett Packard Laboratories Report HPL-97-163. 1997, Palo Alto. Number of Pages 10. Keywords: World Wide Web; Internet; image encoding; data compression; JPEG; GIF; PNG; FlashPix. Abstract: The World Wide Web has rapidly become the hot new mass communication medium. Content creators are using similar design and layout styles as in printed magazines, i.e., with many color images and graphics. The information is transmitted over plain telephone lines, where the speed/price trade-off is much more severe than in the case of printed media. The standard design approach is to use plattized color and to limit as much as possible the number of colors used, so that the images can be encoded with a small number of bits per pixel using the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) file format. The World Wide Web standards contemplate a second data encoding method (JPEG) that allows color fidelity but usually performs poorly on text, which is a critical element of information communicated on this medium. We analyze the spatial compression of color images and describe a methodology for using the JPEG method in a way that allows a compact representation while preserving full color fidelity. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-163.html.
  23. Beretta, G.B., et al., The Color Facsimile Pipeline. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-96-124. 1996, Palo Alto. Keywords: facsimile, color facsimile; image compression; image transmission; JPEG, CIELAB. Abstract: The design of a color facsimile machine presentsa number of unique challenges. From the technical side it requiresa very efficient, seamless integration of algorithms and architecturesin image scanning, compression, color processing, communications,and printing. From the standardization side, it requires thatagreements on the color representation space, negotiation protocols,and coding methods must be reached through a formal internationalstandardization process. This report describes our experiencewith the development of a prototype color facsimile machine, withemphasis on the image processing aspects. The prototype has beendeveloped to provide a test-bed while the standard is being negotiatedand to recognize at an early stage the challenges for commercialdevelopment of color facsimile machines. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/96/HPL-96-124.html.
  24. Beretta, G.B., Dynamic Exposure Control. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. 1996, Palo Alto.
  25. Beretta, G.B., Scanner Considerations for Color Facsimile. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-96-39. 1996, Palo Alto.
  26. Beretta, G.B., Evaluating Whiteness. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-96-62. 1996, Palo Alto.
  27. Beretta, G.B., WWW + Structure = Knowledge. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-96-99. 1996, Palo Alto. Keywords: World Wide Web; WWW; Web site; Internet; hypertext; publishing; HTML; HTTP; informal; opinionated. Abstract: These days Internet and the World Wide Web are the hottest topics in every walk of life. The Internet frenzy is like a rogue wave, you can either surf it and have the experience of your life-time, or stay on the beach to watch it and maybe get whacked by it. It is easy to jump on the boat, but it is not clear where the long-term opportunities are. In an effort to see the big picture, we examine some desirable features and present some opportunities for interesting research. In addition to a methodology for structuring web sites, we propose a scheme for categorizing links. Available from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/96/HPL-96-99.html.
  28. Bhaskaran, V., et al., Method for Generating JPEG Quantization Tables for Color Facsimile Applications. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-95-09. 1995, Palo Alto.
  29. Bhaskaran, V., G.B. Beretta, and K. Konstantinides, Text and Image Sharpening of JPEG Compressed Images in the Frequency Domain. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Report HPL-94-90. 1994, Palo Alto.
  30. Beretta, G.B., Some Background Information on Perceptual Color Matching Pertinent to Computer Applications. Canon Information Systems Report CIS-N-93-742. 1993, Palo Alto.
  31. Beretta, G.B., Color Appearance in Computer Applications. Canon Information Systems Report CIS-N-93-743. 1993, Palo Alto. Available as Report PB94-102167 from the NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce.
  32. Beretta, G.B., A New Approach to Imaging IC Layout and Schematics. Xerox PARC Report EDL-88-3. 1988, Palo Alto.
  33. Beretta, G.B., Selecting Colors for Representing VLSI Layout. Xerox PARC Report EDL-88-7. 1988, Palo Alto.
  34. Beretta, G.B. and A. Meier, Scan Converting Polygons Based on Plane-Sweep. Institut für Informatik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Report 68. 1986, Zürich (Switzerland).

Videos

  1. Beretta, G.B. and M. Lamming, Color in the Eighties. Presented at: PARC, Palo Alto, 29 October 1995. NTSC Video. Shown at IS&T's 11th International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing Technologies, October 29 - November 3, 1995, Hilton Head (South Carolina, USA).
  2. Beretta, G.B. and M.C. Stone, Color Selection. Presented at: ACM Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA), 25-27 April 1990. NTSC Video.
  3. Beretta, G.B. and M.C. Stone, Color Selection. Cambridge (England, UK), 27-31 August 1990. PAL Video.
  4. Beretta, G.B. and M.C. Stone, Color Selection. Presented at: ACM SIGGRAPH Video Review, Itasca,1 April 1990. NTSC VHS Video.
  5. Beretta, G.B., M.C. Stone, and R. Tow, The Appearance of a Flamingo. Presented at: Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, 25 March 1989. NTSC, PAL Video. 19 minutes
  6. Beretta, G.B., et al., XS-1 Graphics Demo. Presented at: ETH, Zürich, 27 October 1982. PAL Video.

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